Cannot Connect To Microsoft.com From Mac

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This guide provides troubleshooting steps for issues that may be encountered using the new connection manager, including connectivity and SSH issues.

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Log File Location

  • Mac – ~/Library/Logs/Xamarin-[MAJOR.MINOR]
  • Windows – %LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinLogs

The log files can be located by browsing to Help > Xamarin > Zip Logs in Visual Studio.

Where's the Xamarin Build Host App?

The Xamarin Build Host from older versions of Xamarin.iOS is no longer required. Visual Studio now automatically deploys the agent over Remote Login and runs it in the background. There is no additional app that will run on either the Mac or Windows machines.

Troubleshooting Remote Login

Important

These troubleshooting steps are primarily intended for problems that happen during the initial setup on a new system. If you had previously been using the connection successfully in a particular environment and then the connection suddenly or intermittently stops working, you can (in most cases) skip straight to checking if any of the following helps:

  • Kill the leftover processes as described below under Errors due to existing Build Host Processes.
  • Clear the agents as described under Clearing the Broker, IDB, Build, and Designer Agents, and then use a wired internet connection and connect directly via the IP address as described under Couldn't connect to MacBuildHost.local. Please try again.
    If none of those options fix the issue, then please follow the instructions in step 9 to file a new bug report.

  1. Check that you have compatible Xamarin.iOS versions installed on your Mac. To do this with Visual Studio 2017 ensure that you are on the Stable distribution channel in Visual Studio for Mac. In Visual Studio 2015 and earlier make sure that you are on the same distribution channel on both IDEs.

    • In Visual Studio for Mac, go to Visual Studio for Mac > Check for Updates.. to view or change the Update channel.
    • In Visual Studio 2015 and earlier, check the distribution channel under Tools > Options > Xamarin > Other.

  2. Make sure that Remote Login is enabled on the Mac. Set access for Only these users, and make sure your Mac user is included in the list or group:

  3. Check that your firewall allows incoming connections through port 22 - the default for SSH:

    If you have disabled Automatically allow signed software to receive incoming connections, OS X will present a dialog during the pairing process asking to allow mono-sgen or mono-sgen32 to receive incoming connections. Be sure to click Allow on this dialog:

  4. Confirm that you are logged in to the user account on that Mac and have an active GUI session.

  5. Make sure you are connecting to the Mac with the username rather than the Full Name. This avoids a known limitation for full names that include accented characters.

    You can find your username by running the whoami command in Terminal.app.

    For example, from the screenshot below, the account name will be amyb and not Amy Burns:

  6. Check that the IP address you are using for the Mac is correct. You can find the IP address under System Preferences > Sharing > Remote Login on the Mac.

  7. Once you have confirmed the IP address of the Mac, try a ping to that address in cmd.exe on Windows:

    If the ping fails, then the Mac is not routable from the Windows computer. That problem will need to be solved at the level of the local area network configuration between the 2 computers. Ensure that both machines are on the same Local Network.

  8. Next, test if the ssh client from OpenSSH can connect successfully to the Mac from Windows. One way to install this program is to install Git for Windows. You can then start a Git Bash command prompt and attempt to ssh in to the Mac with your username and IP address:

  9. If step 8 succeeds, you can try running a simple command like ls over the connection:

    This should list the contents of your home directory on the Mac. If the ls command works correctly but the Visual Studio connection still fails, you can check the Known Issues and Limitations section about complications specific to Xamarin. If none of those match your problem, please file a new bug report on Developer Community by going to Help > Send Feedback > Report a problem in Visual Studio and attach the logs described under Check the Verbose Log Files.

  10. If step 8 fails, you can run the following command in Terminal on the Mac to see if the SSH server is accepting any connections:

  11. If step 8 fails but step 10 succeeds, then the problem is most likely that port 22 on the Mac build host is not accessible from Windows due to the network configuration. Possible configuration issues include:

    • The OS X firewall settings are disallowing the connection. Be sure to double-check step 3.

      Occasionally the per-app configuration for the OS X firewall can also end up in an invalid state where the settings shown in System Preferences do not reflect the actual behavior. Deleting the configuration file (/Library/Preferences/com.apple.alf.plist) and rebooting the computer can help restore the default behavior. One way to delete the file is to enter /Library/Preferences under Go > Go to Folder in Finder, and then move the com.apple.alf.plist file to the Trash.

    • The firewall settings of one of the routers between the Mac and the Windows computer is blocking the connection.

    • Windows itself is disallowing outbound connections to remote port 22. This would be unusual. It is possible to configure the Windows Firewall to disallow outbound connections, but the default setting is to allow all outbound connections.

    • The Mac build host is disallowing access to port 22 from all external hosts via a pfctl rule. This is unlikely unless you know you have configured pfctl in the past.

  12. If step 8 fails and step 10 fails, then the problem is likely that the SSH server process on the Mac is not running or is not configured to allow the current user to log in. In this case be sure to double-check the Remote Login settings from step 2 before you investigate any more complicated possibilities.

Known Issues and Limitations

Note

This section only applies if you have already connected successfully to the Mac build host with your Mac username and password using the OpenSSH SSH client, as discussed in steps 8 and 9 above.

'Invalid credentials. Please try again.'

Known causes:

  • Limitation – This error can appear when attempting to log in to the build host using the account Full Name if the name includes an accented character. This is a limitation of the SSH.NET library that Xamarin uses for the SSH connection. Workaround: See step 5 above.

'Unable to authenticate with SSH keys. Please try to log in with credentials first'

Known cause:

  • SSH security restriction – This message most often means that one of the files or directories in the fully qualified path of $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys on the Mac has write permissions enabled for other or group members. Common fix: Run chmod og-w '$HOME' in a Terminal command prompt on the Mac. For details about which particular file or directory is causing the problem, run grep sshd /var/log/system.log > '$HOME/Desktop/sshd.log' in Terminal, and then open the sshd.log file from your Desktop and look for 'Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes'.

'Trying to connect..' never completes

  • Bug #52264 – This problem can happen on Xamarin 4.1 if the Login shell in the Advanced Options context menu for the Mac user in System Preferences > Users & Groups is set to a value other than /bin/bash. (Starting with Xamarin 4.2, this scenario instead leads to the 'Couldn't connect' error message.) Workaround: Change the Login shell back to the original default of /bin/bash.

'Couldn't connect to MacBuildHost.local. Please try again.'

Reported causes:

  • Bug – A few users have seen this error message along with a more detailed error in the log files 'An unexpected error occurred while configuring SSH for the user .. Session operation has timed out' when attempting to log in to the build host using an Active Directory or other directory service domain user account. Workaround: Log in to the build host using a local user account instead.

  • Bug – Some users have seen this error when attempting to connect to the build host by double-clicking the name of the Mac in the connection dialog. Possible workaround: Manually add the Mac using the IP address.

  • Bug #35971 – Some users have run across this error when using a wireless network connection between the Mac build host and Windows. Possible workaround: Move both computers to a wired network connection.

  • Bug #36642 – On Xamarin 4.0, this message will appear anytime the $HOME/.bashrc file on the Mac contains an error. (Starting with Xamarin 4.1, errors in the .bashrc file will no longer affect the connection process.) Workaround: Move the .bashrc file to a backup location (or delete it if you know you don't need it).

  • Bug #52264 – This error can appear if the Login shell in the Advanced Options context menu for the Mac user in System Preferences > Users & Groups is set to a value other than /bin/bash. Workaround: Change the Login shell back to the original default of /bin/bash.

  • Limitation – This error can appear if the Mac build host is connected to a router that has no access to the internet (or if the Mac is using a DNS server that times out when asked for the reverse-DNS lookup of the Windows computer). Visual Studio will take roughly 30 seconds to retrieve the SSH fingerprint and eventually fail to connect.

    Possible workaround: Add 'UseDNS no' to the sshd_config file. Be sure to read about this SSH setting before changing it. See for example unix.stackexchange.com/questions/56941/what-is-the-point-of-sshd-usedns-option.

    The following steps describe one way to change the setting. You will need to be logged in to an administrator account on the Mac to complete the steps.

    1. Confirm the location of the sshd_config file by running ls /etc/ssh/sshd_config and ls /etc/sshd_config in a Terminal command prompt. For all of the remaining steps, be sure to use the location that does not return 'No such file or directory'.

    2. Run cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config '$HOME/Desktop/' in Terminal to copy the file to your desktop.

    3. Open the file from your Desktop in a text editor. For example you can run open -a TextEdit '$HOME/Desktop/sshd_config' in Terminal.

    4. Add the following line at the bottom of the file:

    5. Remove any lines that say UseDNS yes to make sure the new setting takes effect.

    6. Save the file.

    7. Run sudo cp '$HOME/Desktop/sshd_config' /etc/ssh/sshd_config in Terminal to copy the edited file back into place. Enter your password if prompted.

    8. Disable and re-enable Remote Login under System Preferences > Sharing > Remote Login to restart the SSH server.

Clearing the Broker, IDB, Build, and Designer Agents on the Mac

If your log files show a problem during the 'Installing', 'Uploading', or 'Starting' steps for any of Mac agents, you can try deleting the XMA cache folder to force Visual Studio to re-upload them.

  1. Run the following command in Terminal on the Mac:

  2. Control-click the XMA folder and select Move to Trash:

  3. There is a cache on Windows as well that it may help to clear. Open a cmd prompt as Administrator on Windows:

Warning Messages

This section discusses a few messages that can appear in the Output windows and logs that you can usually ignore.

'There is a mismatch between the installed Xamarin.iOS .. and the local Xamarin.iOS'

As long as you have confirmed that both Mac and Windows are updated to the same Xamarin distribution channel, this warning is ignorable.

'Failed to execute 'ls /usr/bin/mono': ExitStatus=1'

This message is ignorable as long as the Mac is running OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) or newer. This message is not a problem on OS X 10.11 because Xamarin also checks /usr/local/bin/mono, which is the correct expected location for mono on OS X 10.11.

'Bonjour service 'MacBuildHost' did not respond with its IP address.'

This message is ignorable unless you notice that the connection dialog does not display the IP address of Mac build host. If the IP address is missing in that dialog, you can still manually add the Mac.

'Invalid user a from 10.1.8.95' and 'input_userauth_request: invalid user a [preauth]'

You might notice this messages if you look in the sshd.log. These messages are part of the normal connection process. They appear because Xamarin uses the username a temporarily when retrieving the SSH Fingerprint.

Output Window and Log Files

If Visual Studio hits an error when connecting to the build host, there are 2 locations to check for additional messages: the Output window and the log files.

Output Window

The Output window is the best place to start. It displays messages about the main connection steps and errors. To view the Xamarin messages in the Output window:

  1. Select View > Output from the menus or click the Output tab.
  2. Click the Show output from drop-down menu.
  3. Select Xamarin.

Log Files

If the Output window does not include enough information to diagnose the problem, the log files are the next place to look. The log files contain additional diagnostic messages that do not appear in the Output window. To view the log files:

  1. Start Visual Studio.

    Important

    Note that .svclogs are not enabled by default. To access them you will need to start Visual Studio with verbose logs as explained in the Version Logs guide. For more information, refer to the Troubleshooting Extensions with the Activity Log blog.

  2. Attempt to connect to the build host.

  3. After Visual Studio hits the connection error, collect the logs from Help > Xamarin > Zip Logs:

  4. When you open the .zip file, you will see a list of files similar to the example below. For connection errors, the most important files are the *Ide.log and *Ide.svclog files. These files contain the same messages in two slightly different formats. The .svclog is XML and is useful if you want to browse through the messages. The .log is plain text and is useful if you want to filter the messages using command line tools.

    To browse through all the messages, select and open the .svclog file:

  5. The .svclog file will open in Microsoft Service Trace Viewer. You can browse the messages by thread to see related groups of messages. To browse by thread, first select the Graph tab, then click the Layout Mode drop-down menu and select Thread:

Verbose Log Files

If the normal log files still do not provide sufficient information to diagnose the problem, one last technique to try is to enable verbose logging. The verbose logs are also preferred on bug reports.

  1. Quit Visual Studio.

  2. Start a Developer Command Prompt.

  3. Run the following command in the command prompt to launch Visual Studio with verbose logging:

  4. Attempt to connect to the build host from Visual Studio.

  5. After Visual Studio hits the connection error, collect the logs from Help > Xamarin > Zip Logs.

  6. Run the following command in Terminal on the Mac to copy any recent log messages from the SSH server into a file on your Desktop:

If these verbose log files do not provide enough clues to resolve the issue directly, please file a new bug report and attach both the .zip file from step 5 and the .log file from step 6.

Troubleshooting automatic Mac provisioning

IDE log files

If you encounter any trouble using automatic Macprovisioning,take a look at the Visual Studio 2017 IDE logs, stored in%LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinLogs15.0.

Troubleshooting Build and Deployment Errors

This section covers a few problems that can happen after Visual Studio connects successfully to the build host.

'Unable to connect to Address='192.168.1.2:22' with User='macuser'

Known causes:

  • Xamarin 4.1 security feature – This error will happen if you downgrade to Xamarin 4.0 after using Xamarin 4.1 or higher. In this case the error will be accompanied by the additional warning 'Private key is encrypted but passphrase is empty'. This is an intentional change due to a new security feature in Xamarin 4.1. Recommended fix: Delete id_rsa and id_rsa.pub from %LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinMonoTouch, and then reconnect to the Mac build host.

  • SSH security restriction – When this message is accompanied by the additional warning 'Could not authenticate the user using the existing ssh keys', it most often means one of the files or directories in the fully qualified path of $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys on the Mac has write permissions enabled for other or group members. Common fix: Run chmod og-w '$HOME' in a Terminal command prompt on the Mac. For details about which particular file or directory is causing the problem, run grep sshd /var/log/system.log > '$HOME/Desktop/sshd.log' in Terminal, and then open the sshd.log file from your Desktop and look for 'Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes'.

Solutions cannot be loaded from a Network Share

Solutions will only be compiled if they are on the local Windows file system or a mapped drive.

Solutions that are saved in a network share might throw errors, or completely refuse to compile. Any .sln files used in Visual Studio should be saved on the local Windows file system.

The following error is thrown because of this problem:

related bug: #36195

Missing Provisioning Profiles or 'Failed to create the a fat library' Error

Launch Xcode on the Mac and ensure that your Apple developer account is logged in and your iOS Development Profile is downloaded:

'A socket operation was attempted to an unreachable network'

Reported causes:

  • Enhancement #36118 – This error can prevent successful builds when Visual Studio is using an IPv6 address to connect to the build host. (The build host connection does not yet support IPv6 addresses.)

Xamarin.iOS Visual Studio plugin fails to load after reinstallation of beta/alpha channel

Relevant bug #40781.

This issue may happen when Visual Studio fails to refresh the MEF component cache. If that's the case, installing this Visual Studio extension may help: https://visualstudiogallery.msdn.microsoft.com/22b94661-70c7-4a93-9ca3-8b6dd45f47cd

This will clear the Visual Studio MEF component cache to fix issues with cache corruption.

Errors due to existing Build Host Processes on the Mac

Processes from previous build host connections can sometimes interfere with the behavior of the current active connection. To check for any existing processes, close Visual Studio and then run the following commands in Terminal on the Mac:

To kill the existing processes use the following command:

Clearing the Mac Build Cache

If you are troubleshooting a build problem and want to make sure the behavior is not related to any of temporary build files stored on the Mac, you can delete the build cache folder.

  1. Run the following command in Terminal on the Mac:

  2. Control-click the mtbs folder and select Move to Trash:

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This guide describes how to use Pair to Mac to connect Visual Studio 2019to a Mac build host. The same instructions apply to Visual Studio 2017.

Overview

Building native iOS applications requires access to Apple's build tools,which only run on a Mac. Because of this, Visual Studio 2019 must connect toa network-accessible Mac to build Xamarin.iOS applications.

Visual Studio 2019's Pair to Mac feature discovers, connects to,authenticates with, and remembers Mac build hosts so that Windows-basediOS developers can work productively.

Pair to Mac enables the following development workflow:

  • Developers can write Xamarin.iOS code in Visual Studio 2019.

  • Visual Studio 2019 opens a network connection to a Mac build host anduses the build tools on that machine to compile and sign the iOS app.

  • There is no need to run a separate application on the Mac – VisualStudio 2019 invokes Mac builds securely over SSH.

  • Visual Studio 2019 is notified of changes as soon as they happen. Forexample, when an iOS device is plugged in to the Mac or becomes availableon the network, the iOS Toolbar updates instantly.

  • Multiple instances of Visual Studio 2019 can connect to the Macsimultaneously.

  • It's possible to use the Windows command-line to build iOS applications.

Note

Cannot Connect To Microsoft.com From Mac Computer

Before following the instructions in this guide, complete the following steps:

  • On a Windows machine, install Visual Studio 2019
  • On a Mac, install Xcode and Visual Studio for Mac
    • You must manually open Xcode after installing so that it can add any additional components.

If you would prefer not to install Visual Studio for Mac, Visual Studio 2019can automatically configure the Mac build host with Xamarin.iOS and Mono.You must still install and run Xcode.For more information, see Automatic Mac provisioning.

Enable remote login on the Mac

To set up the Mac build host, first enable remote login:

  1. On the Mac, open System Preferences and go to the Sharing pane.

  2. Check Remote Login in the Service list.

    Make sure that it is configured to allow access for All users, orthat your Mac username or group is included in the list of allowedusers.

  3. If prompted, configure the macOS firewall.

    If you have set the macOS firewall to block incoming connections, youmay need to allow mono-sgen to receive incoming connections. An alertappears to prompt you if this is the case.

  4. If it is on the same network as the Windows machine, the Mac shouldnow be discoverable by Visual Studio 2019. If the Mac is still notdiscoverable, try manually adding a Mac or takea look at the troubleshooting guide.

Connect to the Mac from Visual Studio 2019

Now that remote login is enabled, connect Visual Studio 2019 to the Mac.

  1. In Visual Studio 2019, open an existing iOS project or create a new oneby choosing File > New > Project and then selecting an iOS projecttemplate.

  2. Open the Pair to Mac dialog.

    • Use the Pair to Mac button iOS toolbar:

    • Or, select Tools > iOS > Pair to Mac.

    • The Pair to Mac dialog displays a list of all previously-connectedand currently-available Mac build hosts:

  3. Select a Mac in the list. Click Connect.

  4. Enter your username and password.

    • The first time you connect to any particular Mac, you areprompted to enter your username and password for that machine:

      Tip

      When logging in, use your system username rather than full name.

    • Pair to Mac uses these credentials to create a new SSH connectionto the Mac. If it succeeds, a key is added to the authorized_keysfile on the Mac. Subsequent connections to the same Mac will loginautomatically.

  5. Pair to Mac automatically configures the Mac.

    Starting with Visual Studio 2019 version15.6,Visual Studio 2019 installs or updates Mono and Xamarin.iOS on aconnected Mac build host as needed (note that Xcode must still beinstalled manually). See Automatic Macprovisioning for more details.

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  6. Look for the connection status icon.

    • When Visual Studio 2019 is connected to a Mac, that Mac's itemin the Pair to Mac dialog displays an icon indicating thatit is currently connected:

      There can be only one connected Mac at a time.

      Tip

      Right-clicking any Mac in the Pair to Mac list brings up a contextmenu that allows you to Connect.., Forget this Mac, orDisconnect:

      If you choose Forget this Mac, your credentials for the selectedMac will be forgotten. To reconnect to that Mac, you will need to re-enteryour username and password.

If you have successfully paired to a Mac build host, you are ready to buildXamarin.iOS apps in Visual Studio 2019. Take a look at theIntroduction to Xamarin.iOS for Visual Studioguide.

If you have not been able to pair a Mac, try manually adding aMac or take a look at the troubleshootingguide.

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Manually add a Mac

If you do not see a particular Mac listed in the Pair to Mac dialog,add it manually:

From

  1. Locate your Mac’s IP address.

    • Open System Preferences > Sharing > Remote Login on your Mac:

    • Alternatively, use the command line. In Terminal, issue this command:

      Depending on your network configuration, you may need to use aninterface name other than en0. For example: en1, en2, etc.

  2. In Visual Studio 2019's Pair to Mac dialog, select Add Mac..:

  3. Enter the Mac's IP address and click Add:

  4. Enter your username and password for the Mac:

    Tip

    When logging in, use your system username rather than full name.

  5. Click Login to connect Visual Studio 2019 to the Mac over SSH and addit to the list of known machines.

Automatic Mac provisioning

Starting with Visual Studio 2019 version 15.6,Pair to Mac automatically provisions a Mac with software necessary forbuilding Xamarin.iOS applications: Mono, Xamarin.iOS (the softwareframework, not the Visual Studio for Mac IDE), and various Xcode-relatedtools (but not Xcode itself).

Important

  • Pair to Mac cannot install Xcode; you must manually install it on theMac build host. It is required for Xamarin.iOS development.
  • Automatic Mac provisioning requires that remote login isenabled on the Mac, and the Mac must be network-accessible to the Windowsmachine. See Enabling remote login on the Macfor more details.
  • Automatic Mac provisioning requires 3GB of free space on the Mac to install Xamarin.iOS.

Pair to Mac performs necessary software installations/updates when VisualStudio 2019 is connecting to theMac.

Mono

Pair to Mac will check to make sure that Mono is installed. If it is notinstalled, Pair to Mac will download and install the latest stable versionof Mono on the Mac.

Progress is indicated by various prompts, as shown by the followingscreenshots (click to zoom):

Install CheckDownloadingInstalling
Mono

Xamarin.iOS

Pair to Mac upgrades Xamarin.iOS on the Mac to match the versioninstalled on the Windows machine.

Important

Pair to Mac will not downgrade Xamarin.iOS on the Mac from alpha/betato stable. If you have Visual Studio for Mac installed, set yourrelease channel asfollows:

  • If you use Visual Studio 2019, select the Stable updates channel inVisual Studio for Mac.
  • If you use Visual Studio 2019 Preview, select the Alpha updateschannel in Visual Studio for Mac.

Progress is indicated by various prompts, as shown by the followingscreenshots (click to zoom):

Install CheckDownloadingInstalling
Xamarin.iOS

Xcode tools and license

Pair to Mac will also check to determine whether Xcode has been installedand its license accepted. While Pair to Mac does not install Xcode, itdoes prompt for license acceptance, as shown in the following screenshots(click to zoom):

Install CheckLicense Acceptance
Xcode

Additionally, Pair to Mac will install or update various packagesdistributed with Xcode. For example:

  • MobileDeviceDevelopment.pkg
  • XcodeExtensionSupport.pkg
  • MobileDevice.pkg
  • XcodeSystemResources.pkg

The installation of these packages happens quickly and without a prompt.

Note

These tools are distinct from the Xcode Command Line Tools, whichas of macOS 10.9 areinstalled with Xcode.

Troubleshooting automatic Mac provisioning

If you encounter any trouble using automatic Mac provisioning, take a lookat the Visual Studio 2019 IDE logs, stored in%LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinLogs16.0. These logs may contain error messagesto help you better diagnose the failure or get support.

Build iOS apps from the Windows command-line

Pair to Mac supports building Xamarin.iOS applications from the commandline. For example:

The parameters passed to msbuild in the above example are:

  • ServerAddress – The IP address of the Mac build host.
  • ServerUser – The username to use when logging in to the Mac build host.Use your system username rather than your full name.
  • ServerPassword – The password to use when logging in to the Mac build host.

Note

Visual Studio 2019 stores msbuild in the following directory:C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019<Version>MSBuildCurrentBin

The first time Pair to Mac logs in to a particular Mac build host fromeither Visual Studio 2019 or the command-line, it sets up SSH keys. With thesekeys, future logins will not require a username or password. Newlycreated keys are stored in %LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinMonoTouch.

If the ServerPassword parameter is omitted from a command-line buildinvocation, Pair to Mac attempts to log in to the Mac build hostusing the saved SSH keys.

Summary

This article described how to use Pair to Mac to connect Visual Studio 2019 to aMac build host, enabling Visual Studio 2019 developers to build native iOSapplications with Xamarin.iOS.

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